雅思写作常见语法错误清单：这些小错最容易把分数卡在 6 分

很多同学雅思写作一直卡在 6 分或 6.5 分，会下意识觉得是“高级词不够”“句型不够复杂”。

但实际批改时，最常见的问题往往不是表达不高级，而是基础语法错误反复出现。

比如：

• 主谓不一致
• 单复数混乱
• 冠词缺失
• 时态乱跳
• 逗号拼接
• 从句缺主谓
• 介词搭配错误
• 可数名词裸奔

这些错误单个看不大，但一篇作文里反复出现，就会明显影响 grammatical range and accuracy。

这篇文章整理一份雅思写作常见语法错误清单。你可以把它当成写完作文后的自查表。

一、主谓一致错误

主谓一致是雅思写作里最基础、也最容易反复错的问题。

1. 第三人称单数漏 s

错误：

Technology make people's lives more convenient.

正确：

Technology makes people's lives more convenient.

错误：

This problem affect many young people.

正确：

This problem affects many young people.

检查方法：

看到单数主语，立刻检查一般现在时动词有没有加 s。

2. 主语太长导致谓语错

错误：

The number of students who study abroad are increasing.

正确：

The number of students who study abroad is increasing.

原因：

真正主语是 The number，不是 students。

对比：

A number of students are choosing to study abroad.

这里 a number of 表示“许多”，谓语用复数。

3. 动名词作主语用单数

错误：

Using public transport reduce pollution.

正确：

Using public transport reduces pollution.

类似结构：

• Learning a foreign language is useful.
• Spending too much time online has negative effects.
• Protecting the environment requires joint effort.

二、单复数错误

单复数是中国考生写作里最稳定的扣分点之一。

1. 可数名词不能单独裸奔

错误：

Student should develop practical skill.

正确：

Students should develop practical skills.

或者：

A student should develop practical skills.

常见裸奔名词：

• student
• child
• parent
• teacher
• problem
• solution
• skill
• job
• city
• country
• benefit
• disadvantage

2. many / several / various 后面接复数

错误：

There are many reason for this trend.

正确：

There are many reasons for this trend.

错误：

Students can learn various skill at university.

正确：

Students can learn various skills at university.

3. one of 后面名词用复数

错误：

One of the biggest problem is pollution.

正确：

One of the biggest problems is pollution.

结构：

one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词

例句：

One of the most serious problems in large cities is traffic congestion.

4. 不可数名词不要加 s

常见不可数名词：

• information
• advice
• knowledge
• homework
• equipment
• furniture
• traffic
• pollution
• education
• research
• evidence

错误：

The Internet provides many informations.

正确：

The Internet provides a large amount of information.

错误：

There are many traffics in big cities.

正确：

There is a lot of traffic in big cities.

三、冠词错误

冠词错误不会单独毁掉文章，但如果全篇频繁出现，会让语言显得很不稳定。

1. 单数可数名词前通常要有冠词

错误：

Government should solve problem.

正确：

The government should solve the problem.

或者：

Governments should solve problems.

错误：

A student needs teacher's guidance.

正确：

A student needs a teacher's guidance.

2. 泛指复数不用 the

错误：

The students should learn practical skills.

如果你泛指所有学生，更自然：

Students should learn practical skills.

the students 通常指前文提到的某一群学生。

3. 独一无二或特指用 the

常见表达：

• the government
• the environment
• the Internet
• the economy
• the public
• the elderly
• the young
• the rich
• the poor

例句：

The government should invest more in public transport.

Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility.

四、时态错误

雅思写作不需要很多复杂时态，但基本时态必须稳定。

1. 大作文多数用一般现在时

因为大作文讨论的是普遍现象、观点和政策。

正确：

Education plays an important role in personal development.

Excessive screen time can affect children's health.

不要没有理由地写过去时：

错误：

Education played an important role in personal development.

除非你明确讨论过去。

2. Task 1 图表题看时间

如果图表时间是过去，用过去时：

The figure increased from 2000 to 2010.

如果包含未来预测，用将来或预测表达：

The number is expected to rise in 2030.

如果没有时间或描述一般流程，用一般现在时：

The process begins with the collection of raw materials.

3. 现在完成时不要乱用

现在完成时强调从过去到现在的影响或变化。

正确：

The use of smartphones has increased significantly in recent years.

错误：

In 2010, the number has increased.

如果明确过去时间点，用过去时：

In 2010, the number increased.

五、句子结构错误

1. 逗号拼接

错误：

Technology is useful, it can improve efficiency.

正确：

Technology is useful because it can improve efficiency.

或者：

Technology is useful, as it can improve efficiency.

或者拆开：

Technology is useful. It can improve efficiency.

逗号不能直接连接两个完整句子。

2. 缺少主语

错误：

Because can reduce pollution.

正确：

This can reduce pollution.

错误：

In modern society has many problems.

正确：

Modern society has many problems.

或者：

There are many problems in modern society.

3. 缺少谓语

错误：

Many people in large cities under great pressure.

正确：

Many people in large cities are under great pressure.

错误：

The government should more money on education.

正确：

The government should spend more money on education.

六、从句错误

复杂句可以加分，但写错会扣分。

1. although 和 but 不连用

错误：

Although online learning is convenient, but it has disadvantages.

正确：

Although online learning is convenient, it has disadvantages.

或者：

Online learning is convenient, but it has disadvantages.

2. because 和 so 不连用

错误：

Because public transport is cheap, so many people use it.

正确：

Because public transport is cheap, many people use it.

或者：

Public transport is cheap, so many people use it.

3. 定语从句重复主语

错误：

People who they live in cities face more pressure.

正确：

People who live in cities face more pressure.

错误：

The policy that it was introduced last year is effective.

正确：

The policy that was introduced last year is effective.

4. which 指代不清

不清楚：

Many people drive cars in cities which causes pollution.

更清楚：

The widespread use of cars in cities causes pollution.

或者：

Many people drive cars in cities, which causes pollution.

但第二句里的 which 指代整件事，需要加逗号。

七、非谓语错误

非谓语主要包括 doing、done、to do。

1. 动名词作主语

错误：

Use public transport can reduce pollution.

正确：

Using public transport can reduce pollution.

或者：

People can reduce pollution by using public transport.

2. to do 表目的

错误：

Governments should introduce policies reduce pollution.

正确：

Governments should introduce policies to reduce pollution.

3. 过去分词表被动

错误：

The policy introducing by the government is effective.

正确：

The policy introduced by the government is effective.

完整形式：

The policy that was introduced by the government is effective.

八、介词搭配错误

介词错误很常见，建议直接背搭配。

1. 常见正确搭配

• depend on
• rely on
• focus on
• have an impact on
• be responsible for
• be interested in
• be good at
• be beneficial to
• be harmful to
• be related to
• be associated with
• contribute to
• lead to
• result in
• result from
• provide someone with something
• prevent someone from doing something

2. 高频错误

错误：

This has a negative impact to children.

正确：

This has a negative impact on children.

错误：

Students should focus in their studies.

正确：

Students should focus on their studies.

错误：

This can lead many problems.

正确：

This can lead to many problems.

错误：

The government should provide people more services.

正确：

The government should provide people with more services.

或者：

The government should provide more services for people.

九、词性错误

很多句子读起来别扭，是因为词性放错了。

1. 名词和形容词混用

错误：

This is a benefit policy.

正确：

This is a beneficial policy.

或者：

This policy has several benefits.

错误：

Education is importance for children.

正确：

Education is important for children.

或者：

Education is of great importance to children.

2. 动词和名词混用

错误：

Governments should solution this problem.

正确：

Governments should solve this problem.

或者：

Governments should find a solution to this problem.

3. 副词位置错误

错误：

Technology develops rapid.

正确：

Technology develops rapidly.

错误：

This is a highly problem.

正确：

This is a serious problem.

highly 修饰形容词或过去分词，不直接修饰普通名词。

十、比较级错误

1. more 后面不要再加 er

错误：

Public transport is more cheaper than driving.

正确：

Public transport is cheaper than driving.

或者：

Public transport is more affordable than driving.

2. than 不要漏

错误：

Cities are more convenient countryside.

正确：

Cities are more convenient than the countryside.

3. the same as

错误：

Online learning is same with traditional learning.

正确：

Online learning is the same as traditional learning in some respects.

4. different from

错误：

This is different with the past.

正确：

This is different from the past.

十一、被动语态错误

Task 1 流程图和地图题经常用被动。

1. 被动结构

结构：

be + done

错误：

The old factory was demolish.

正确：

The old factory was demolished.

错误：

The bottles are collect and clean.

正确：

The bottles are collected and cleaned.

2. 不要漏 be

错误：

The road widened in 2010.

如果道路是“被拓宽”：

The road was widened in 2010.

3. 主动和被动要看意思

The number increased.

这里不用被动，因为数字自己“上升”。

The school was expanded.

这里用被动，因为学校“被扩建”。

十二、Task 1 常见语法错误

1. increase / decrease 的用法

正确：

The number increased significantly.

There was a significant increase in the number.

错误：

The number was increased significantly.

如果没有人为使它增加，一般不用被动。

2. percentage 和 number 不要混

percentage 是百分比，number 是数量。

正确：

The percentage of students increased.

The number of students increased.

不要写：

The percentage of students was 500.

3. by 和 to 的区别

increase to 表示增加到某个数值。

increase by 表示增加了多少。

例句：

The figure increased to 50%.

The figure increased by 20 percentage points.

4. respectively 的使用

respectively 用于前后顺序对应。

正确：

The figures for China and Japan were 30% and 20%, respectively.

不要没有对应关系就硬用。

十三、Task 2 常见语法错误

1. people / person

泛指人群通常用 people。

错误：

Many person use the Internet.

正确：

Many people use the Internet.

如果用 person：

A person who uses the Internet frequently may become dependent on it.

2. children / child

错误：

Child should spend less time online.

正确：

Children should spend less time online.

或者：

A child should spend less time online.

3. government / governments

如果泛指各国政府：

Governments should invest more in education.

如果指某个政府或政府整体：

The government should invest more in education.

不要写：

Government should invest more in education.

4. society

society 泛指社会时通常不加冠词。

正确：

This has a negative impact on society.

但如果指某一个社会：

A society with a strong education system is more likely to develop sustainably.

十四、标点错误

1. 英语句子不能用中文逗号逻辑

中文可以逗号一路写下去，英语不行。

错误：

Many people move to cities, they want better jobs, this creates pressure on housing.

正确：

Many people move to cities because they want better jobs, and this creates pressure on housing.

或者拆句：

Many people move to cities because they want better jobs. This creates pressure on housing.

2. however 前后标点

正确：

Online learning is convenient. However, it has some limitations.

或者：

Online learning is convenient; however, it has some limitations.

不要写：

Online learning is convenient, however it has some limitations.

十五、考前语法自查清单

写完作文后，至少检查这 15 项：

1. 单数主语后的一般现在时动词有没有加 s
2. the number of 后谓语是不是单数
3. 可数名词有没有复数或冠词
4. 不可数名词有没有误加 s
5. 单数可数名词前有没有冠词
6. 大作文时态是否主要保持一般现在时
7. Task 1 是否根据时间正确使用过去时或现在时
8. 有没有逗号拼接
9. 有没有缺主语或缺谓语
10. although 有没有和 but 连用
11. because 有没有和 so 连用
12. 定语从句里有没有重复主语
13. 介词搭配是否正确
14. 被动语态是否是 be + done
15. increase to 和 increase by 有没有用对

十六、怎么练才能减少语法错误

语法错误不是靠“看懂规则”就能消失的，要靠复盘。

建议这样练：

1. 每写一篇作文，只重点检查 3 类错误
2. 建一个自己的错误表
3. 每个错误写一个正确例句
4. 下次写作前先看自己的错误表
5. 不要只追求复杂句，先保证简单句准确

比如你的错误表可以这样写：

这种方法比单纯背语法书有效，因为它针对的是你自己的稳定错误。

你也可以在 优秀雅思 里练写作时，把这篇文章当作自查清单。每篇作文写完后，不要只看词汇高级不高级，先检查这些基础错误有没有反复出现。 官网：<https://ielts.youshowedu.com> 如果你用 iPhone 或 iPad，也可以直接去苹果应用商店搜 优秀雅思。

最后记住：

雅思写作语法提分，不是先写更复杂，而是先少犯稳定错误。

主谓一致、单复数、冠词、时态、从句这些基础点稳了，写作分数才有继续往上走的空间。