雅思地图题和流程图表达大全

雅思写作 Task 1 里，很多同学最怕的不是线图、柱图、饼图，而是 地图题 和 流程图。

原因很简单：

• 图表题还有数字可以写
• 地图题要描述空间变化
• 流程图要描述步骤和顺序
• 一旦词汇不够，就很容易反复写 there is、then、change

但这两类题其实有固定套路。地图题核心是：

位置 + 变化 + 对比。

流程图核心是：

步骤 + 顺序 + 被动语态。

这篇文章把雅思地图题和流程图里最常用的表达集中整理出来。你不用背得很花，先把这些基础表达用熟，小作文就会稳定很多。

一、地图题和流程图分别考什么

先把题型本质讲清楚。

1. 地图题考什么

地图题一般给你一张或两张地图，要求描述某个地点过去、现在或未来的变化。

常见场景包括：

• town center 城镇中心
• school campus 学校校园
• park 公园
• village 村庄
• industrial area 工业区
• shopping mall 商场
• museum 博物馆
• island 岛屿

地图题最重要的不是“所有细节都写”，而是抓住整体变化：

• 有没有扩建
• 有没有拆除
• 有没有新增设施
• 功能区有没有改变
• 道路布局有没有变化
• 自然区域有没有减少

2. 流程图考什么

流程图一般给你一个过程，要求描述某个东西如何被生产、加工、循环或形成。

常见类型包括：

• 产品制造流程
• 食品加工流程
• 自然循环过程
• 废品回收过程
• 水循环、碳循环
• 发电过程
• 动植物生命周期

流程图最重要的是写清楚：

• 第一步是什么
• 中间经过哪些阶段
• 每一步发生什么动作
• 输入和输出是什么
• 是否循环
• 是否有分支

二、地图题最常用方位词

地图题一定要会写方位。不然你只能写 there is a road，句子会非常单调。

1. 基础方位

• in the north：在北部
• in the south：在南部
• in the east：在东部
• in the west：在西部
• in the northeast：在东北部
• in the northwest：在西北部
• in the southeast：在东南部
• in the southwest：在西南部
• in the centre / center：在中心
• in the middle：在中间

更正式一点可以写：

• in the northern part of the area
• in the southern section of the town
• in the eastern part of the map
• in the western corner of the site
• in the central area

例句：

A car park was built in the northern part of the site.

The school building is located in the centre of the campus.

2. 相邻关系

• next to：在旁边
• beside：在旁边
• adjacent to：与……相邻
• near：在附近
• close to：靠近
• nearby：在附近
• opposite：在对面
• across from：在对面
• between A and B：在 A 和 B 之间
• behind：在后面
• in front of：在前面

例句：

The new library was constructed next to the main building.

A small cafe was added opposite the entrance.

The playground is located between the school and the sports hall.

3. 周围和边缘

• around：围绕
• surrounding：围绕着的
• along：沿着
• on both sides of：在……两侧
• at the edge of：在……边缘
• in the corner of：在……角落
• at the entrance：在入口处
• near the exit：在出口附近

例句：

Trees were planted along both sides of the road.

Several houses were built around the lake.

A reception area was added near the entrance.

三、地图题高频变化动词

地图题不是静态描述，重点是变化。

1. 新建

• build
• construct
• add
• establish
• set up
• develop
• introduce

常见表达：

• A new road was built.
• A shopping centre was constructed.
• Several facilities were added.
• A new residential area was developed.

例句：

A new railway station was constructed in the eastern part of the town.

Several sports facilities were added to the school campus.

2. 拆除

• remove
• demolish
• knock down
• tear down
• clear

常见表达：

• The old factory was demolished.
• The trees were removed.
• The original houses were knocked down.
• The land was cleared for new development.

例句：

The old warehouse was demolished and replaced by a supermarket.

3. 替换

• replace
• be replaced by
• give way to
• make way for

常见表达：

• The forest was replaced by a residential area.
• The old car park gave way to a new shopping mall.
• Several small shops made way for a larger supermarket.

例句：

The farmland in the west was replaced by a housing estate.

4. 改造成

• convert into
• transform into
• change into
• turn into
• redevelop into

常见表达：

• The factory was converted into a museum.
• The old school was transformed into a community centre.
• The open space was turned into a car park.

例句：

The former industrial area was redeveloped into a modern business district.

5. 扩建和缩小

• expand
• extend
• enlarge
• widen
• reduce
• shrink
• narrow

常见表达：

• The road was widened.
• The car park was enlarged.
• The park was reduced in size.
• The residential area expanded considerably.

例句：

The main road was widened to connect the town centre with the new housing area.

6. 保持不变

• remain unchanged
• stay the same
• be preserved
• be retained
• remain in the same location

例句：

The church remained unchanged throughout the period.

The river was preserved, although the surrounding area was developed.

四、地图题常用句型

1. 开头改写题目

题目：

The maps show the changes in a town between 1990 and 2020.

可以写：

The maps illustrate how a town changed between 1990 and 2020.

或者：

The two maps compare the layout of a town in 1990 and 2020.

常用开头：

• The maps show changes in...
• The maps illustrate how... changed over the period shown.
• The two maps compare the layout of...
• The diagrams show the development of...
• The maps provide information about changes to...

2. 总览句 Overview

地图题一定要有概述。不要一上来就写细节。

常用句型：

• Overall, the area became more urbanized.
• Overall, the site was developed significantly.
• Overall, the most noticeable change was the construction of...
• Overall, several new facilities were added, while some natural areas disappeared.
• Overall, the layout changed substantially, especially in the northern part of the site.
• Overall, the area changed from a rural landscape into a more residential district.

例句：

Overall, the town became much more urbanized, with new housing and transport facilities replacing large areas of farmland.

3. 主体段句型

• In 1990, there was a large park in the north of the town.
• By 2020, this park had been replaced by a shopping centre.
• To the east of the school, a new sports hall was constructed.
• The road running through the town was widened.
• The original houses were demolished to make way for a car park.
• Meanwhile, the river remained unchanged.
• Another major change was the addition of a railway station.

五、地图题范文结构

地图题建议写 4 段：

1. Introduction：改写题目
2. Overview：总结最大变化
3. Body 1：描述一个区域或一个时间点
4. Body 2：描述另一个区域或另一个时间点

不要按“看到什么写什么”。更稳的分段方式有两种：

• 按区域分：北部、南部、中心、周边
• 按变化类型分：新增、拆除、保留、扩建

示例框架：

The maps compare the layout of a village in 2000 and 2025.

Overall, the village became more developed, with new residential and commercial facilities replacing farmland and open space.

In 2000, most of the northern part of the village was occupied by farmland, while a small school stood near the centre. By 2025, the farmland had been replaced by a housing estate, and the school had been enlarged.

In the southern section, the original forest was partly removed to make way for a car park and several shops. However, the main road remained in the same location, although it was widened.

六、流程图最常用顺序词

流程图的第一任务是让考官看懂顺序。

1. 开始阶段

• first
• firstly
• initially
• at the first stage
• the process begins with
• the first step is

例句：

The process begins with the collection of raw materials.

At the first stage, the clay is dug from the ground.

2. 中间阶段

• then
• next
• after that
• subsequently
• following this
• in the next stage
• once this has been done
• after being processed

例句：

The material is then transported to a factory.

Following this, the mixture is heated at a high temperature.

3. 结束阶段

• finally
• eventually
• at the final stage
• the process ends with
• the final product is
• once completed

例句：

Finally, the finished products are packaged and delivered to stores.

The process ends with the distribution of clean water to households.

4. 循环过程

• this cycle repeats
• the process is repeated
• the cycle continues
• this stage leads back to the beginning
• the process begins again

例句：

After evaporation, water returns to the atmosphere, and the cycle begins again.

七、流程图高频动作动词

流程图通常要写生产、加工、运输、处理。下面这些动词非常常用。

1. 收集和准备

• collect：收集
• gather：收集
• obtain：获得
• dig：挖掘
• extract：提取
• sort：分类
• separate：分离
• clean：清洁
• wash：清洗
• remove：去除

例句：

The raw materials are collected and sorted according to size.

Impurities are removed before the material is washed.

2. 加工和处理

• process：处理
• crush：压碎
• grind：研磨
• mix：混合
• blend：混合
• shape：塑形
• mould：塑形
• press：压制
• filter：过滤
• purify：净化

例句：

The stones are crushed into smaller pieces.

The mixture is then shaped into bricks.

3. 加热和冷却

• heat：加热
• boil：煮沸
• melt：融化
• bake：烘烤
• dry：干燥
• cool：冷却
• freeze：冷冻

例句：

The bricks are heated in a kiln at a high temperature.

The liquid is cooled before being poured into containers.

4. 运输和储存

• transport：运输
• transfer：转移
• send：发送
• deliver：递送
• distribute：分发
• store：储存
• package：包装
• pack：包装

例句：

The finished products are packaged and transported to supermarkets.

The water is stored in a tank before distribution.

5. 自然过程

• evaporate：蒸发
• condense：凝结
• flow：流动
• absorb：吸收
• release：释放
• grow：生长
• hatch：孵化
• mature：成熟
• reproduce：繁殖

例句：

Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean.

The eggs hatch and young fish begin to grow.

八、流程图一定要会用被动语态

流程图里，很多时候重点不是“谁做了这个动作”，而是“材料经历了什么步骤”。

所以被动语态非常常见。

主动：

Workers collect the plastic bottles.

被动：

The plastic bottles are collected.

主动：

Factories heat the mixture.

被动：

The mixture is heated.

常用被动结构：

• is / are collected
• is / are transported
• is / are sorted
• is / are cleaned
• is / are crushed
• is / are mixed
• is / are heated
• is / are cooled
• is / are packaged
• is / are delivered

如果描述过去流程，可以用：

• was / were collected
• was / were transported
• was / were processed

但大多数流程图描述的是一般过程，用一般现在时就可以。

九、流程图常用开头和概述

1. 开头改写题目

题目：

The diagram shows the process of making bricks.

可以写：

The diagram illustrates how bricks are produced.

或者：

The diagram shows the stages involved in the production of bricks.

常用开头：

• The diagram shows how... is produced.
• The diagram illustrates the process by which... is made.
• The flow chart shows the stages involved in...
• The diagram explains how... is manufactured.
• The diagram provides information about the production of...

2. Overview 怎么写

流程图 Overview 不需要写每个步骤，只要总结：

• 一共有几个主要阶段
• 从什么开始
• 到什么结束
• 是线性过程还是循环过程

常用句型：

• Overall, the process consists of several main stages, beginning with... and ending with...
• Overall, this is a linear process that starts with... and finishes with...
• Overall, the production of... involves several steps, from... to...
• Overall, this is a cyclical process, as the final stage leads back to the beginning.

例句：

Overall, the process consists of seven main stages, beginning with the extraction of clay and ending with the delivery of finished bricks.

十、流程图主体段句型

1. 生产类流程

• At the first stage, raw materials are collected.
• These materials are then transported to a factory.
• After being sorted, they are cleaned and crushed.
• The mixture is shaped into small blocks.
• The blocks are heated in an oven.
• Once they have been cooled, they are packaged.
• Finally, the finished products are delivered to stores.

2. 回收类流程

• Used bottles are first collected from recycling bins.
• They are then sorted according to material and colour.
• After this, the bottles are washed to remove impurities.
• The clean plastic is crushed into small pieces.
• These pieces are melted and formed into new products.
• Finally, the recycled products are distributed for sale.

3. 自然循环类流程

• The process begins when water evaporates from the sea.
• The vapour rises and condenses to form clouds.
• When the clouds become heavy, rain falls onto the land.
• Some water flows into rivers, while the rest is absorbed by the ground.
• Eventually, the water returns to the sea, and the cycle starts again.

十一、地图题和流程图常见失分点

1. 地图题只写 there is

低分写法：

There is a park. There is a school. There is a road.

更好写法：

A park is located in the northern part of the area, while the school stands near the main road.

2. 地图题没有 Overview

地图题一定要总结整体变化。

比如：

Overall, the area became more urbanized, with several new buildings replacing open space.

这句话比你写一堆细节更重要。

3. 流程图时态混乱

流程图一般用一般现在时：

The material is collected, cleaned and processed.

不要一会儿现在时，一会儿过去时。

4. 流程图主动语态过多

如果图里没有人，不要硬写 workers、people。

更自然的是：

The bottles are sorted and washed.

不是：

Workers sort and wash the bottles.

5. 细节全写但没有分组

Task 1 不是流水账。地图题和流程图都要分组。

地图题可以按区域分：

• north / south
• centre / surrounding area
• old features / new features

流程图可以按阶段分：

• preparation
• processing
• packaging and delivery

十二、考前最值得背的表达清单

地图题方位

• in the northern part of
• in the southern section of
• in the centre of
• next to
• adjacent to
• opposite
• across from
• between A and B
• along the road
• at the entrance
• around the lake

地图题变化

• was built
• was constructed
• was added
• was demolished
• was removed
• was replaced by
• was converted into
• was transformed into
• was expanded
• was widened
• remained unchanged
• was preserved

流程图顺序

• initially
• at the first stage
• following this
• subsequently
• in the next stage
• after being processed
• once this has been done
• finally
• at the final stage
• the process ends with

流程图动作

• collect
• sort
• clean
• crush
• mix
• shape
• heat
• cool
• package
• transport
• distribute
• store
• recycle
• filter
• purify

十三、最后怎么练

地图题和流程图不需要你背很复杂的模板。更有效的训练方式是：

1. 先看图 1 分钟，找整体变化或主要阶段
2. 写 Overview，不写数字细节
3. 按区域或阶段分两段
4. 地图题重点检查方位和变化动词
5. 流程图重点检查顺序词和被动语态
6. 写完检查时态、单复数和冠词

如果你基础一般，先把这四个句型用熟：

• The maps compare the layout of...
• Overall, the area became more developed...
• The diagram illustrates how... is produced.
• Overall, the process consists of several main stages...

这四句虽然不花，但稳定、准确、适用范围广。

备考时可以把地图题和流程图单独整理成一个小作文专项。你在 优秀雅思 里练写作时，也可以用这篇文章里的词汇和句型做检查清单：方位有没有写清楚、变化动词有没有重复、流程顺序有没有断、被动语态有没有用对。 官网：<https://ielts.youshowedu.com> 如果你用 iPhone 或 iPad，也可以直接去苹果应用商店搜 优秀雅思。

最后记住：

地图题写的是空间变化，流程图写的是步骤逻辑。

只要这两个核心不乱，词汇和句型按上面的清单补齐，Task 1 小作文就不会太被动。